![]() Johnson C, Hargest V, Cortez V, Meliopoulos VA, Schultz-Cherry S. Evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay for the rapid and simultaneous detection of rotavirus and adenovirus in stool samples. A systematic review of the effect of rotavirus vaccination on diarrhea outcomes among children younger than 5 years. Lamberti LM, Ashraf S, Walker CL, Black RE. Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis transmitted by person-to-person contact, environmental contamination, and unknown modes of transmission-United States, 2009-2013. Wikswo ME, Kambhampati A, Shioda K, Walsh KA, Bowen A, Hall AJ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Infectious diarrhea: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Humans typically encounter Yersinia species in dairy products. In contrast, Yersinia pestis has been isolated as a primary cause of the bubonic plague. Yersinia enterocollitica is a common cause of infectious diarrhea. Yersinia is a species of bacteria that can cause a number of different diseases in humans.Today, it is the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. diff) is unique in that the rise of the infection is frequently linked to prior or concurrent antibiotic use. Staphylococcus aureuscan cause explosive diarrhea due to toxins released by the bacteria.Vibrio infection is often associated with eating raw seafood or sushi.Campylobacter is among the most common bacterial foodborne infections and can cause bloody diarrhea due to acute intestinal inflammation. ![]() and around the world and can often cause bloody diarrhea, particularly in children of preschool age. coli 0157) is spread through contaminated food and dairy products and can lead to a condition known as hemorrhagic colitis. Salmonella enteritidis can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps within 12 to 72 hours of consuming contaminated food or beverage.Plague Doctors have become figures of impending doom and representations of death, disease and medical malpractice, many villages actually dreaded the visit of plague doctor(s) despite their good intentions, some even believed plague doctors were harbingers of disease and death rather than the supposed cure. as it was believed that bad smells or “miasma” was responsible for disease and that good smells could word off or even cure disease. Plague Doctors are most well known for their attire, most notably their eerie, bird-like masks that were modeled after the skulls of ravens and were filled with aromatic items such as dried flowers, herbs, ambergris, myrrh etc. It is unclear where plague doctors truly came from, but it is believed that they were employed by European royalty to attend to peasants who were too poor to afford real medical service and to record death tolls once the bubonic plague started to spread. Many plague doctors weren’t even actual physicians, but instead volunteers, peasants needing work or even “quack” physicians that lacked actual medical licenses but wanted to practice medicine regardless. Plague Doctors practiced everything from bloodletting, aromatherapy, chemistry (via the creation of “snake oil” serums and potions) to even surgery in a futile attempt to cure disease. Plague Doctors practiced many forms of pseudoscience in order to cure the bubonic plague and other prevalent diseases such as leprosy during a time when medical science was in its infancy. The user is a Plague Doctor, a physician from the dark ages of epidémica and superstitions, specifically Medieval and Early modern Europe that treated those infected with the bubonic plague during epidemics, rarely curing them due to a poor understanding of how diseases work during the time and were instead mostly used to record death tolls for demographic purposes.
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